Click on the titles to link to any of the articles or research below.
Veins are not drains — Most inflammation linked to lymphatic dysfunction PDF
Review of All edema is lymphedema: Progressing lymphedema and wound Management to an integrated model of care by Frank Aviles Jr. and Heather Hettrick (2022)
Articles
FAQs about lymphatic drainage massage | Cedars-Sinai
Get the lymph flowing! | Fascia Guide
Important role of the lymphatic system | Fascia Guide
Is all edema lymphedema? | Heather Hettrick PT, Lympha Press
Intestinal lymphangiectasia | Zubair Malik MD, Merck Manual
Lymphatic system | Canadian Cancer Society
Lymphatic system | Cleveland Clinic
Lymphatic system | Department of Health, State Government of Victoria
Lymphedema facts | Nina Capobianco LMT CMLDT
Manual lymph drainage and IBS management: A holistic approach | Academy of Lymphatic Studies
Manual lymph drainage in the treatment of autism | Joachim Zuther
NHLBI helps launch the first NIH national commission on lymphatic diseases | National Institutes of Health
New ultra-high-frequency ultrasound improves lymphedema treatment | Ohio State University
Nonmelanoma skin cancers tied to lower extremity lymphedema | Physicians Weekly
Researchers have ‘eureka’ moment when studying molecule’s role in lymphedema | University of Colorado
Role of the massage therapist CLT in the continuum of lymphedema care in the United States | ARIOS Medical
Spleen and lymphatic system | Nemours Foundation
St. George’s researchers home in on genetic cause of lipoedema | City St. George’s, University of London
Team’s imaging strategy enhances lipedema treatment | Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Traditional massage therapy in the treatment and management of lymphedema | Massage Today
Your gut, your lymphatic system and an anxious stomach | Nina Capobianco LMT CMLDT
Research
Alexander, J., Ganta, V., Jordan, P., & Witte, M. (2010). Gastrointestinal lymphatics in health and disease. Pathophysiology.
Ali, K., Dibbs, R., Dougherty, C., Iacobas, I., et al. (2022). Treatment outcomes of manual lymphatic drainage in pediatric lymphedema. Annals of Vascular Surgery.
Alitalo K. (2011). The lymphatic vasculature in disease. Nature Medicine.
Antonucci, N., Pacini, S., & Ruggiero, M. (2018). Manual lymphatic drainage in autism treatment. Madridge Journal of Immunology.
Chung, C., & Iwakiri, Y. (2013). The lymphatic vascular system in liver diseases: Its role in ascites formation. Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.
Ding, X., Wang, X., Xia, D., Liu, H., et al. (2021). Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Nature Medicine.
Douglass, J., Mableson, H., Martindale, S., & Kelly-Hope, L. (2019). An enhanced self-care protocol for people affected by moderate to severe lymphedema. Methods and Protocols.
Duhon, B., Phan, T., Taylor, S., Crescenzi, R., et al. (2022). Current mechanistic understandings of lymphedema and lipedema: Tales of fluid, fat, and fibrosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
El-Chemaly, S., Levine, S., & Moss, J. (2010). Lymphatics in lung disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
Esparza, W., Aladro-Gonzalvo, A., Ruiz-Hontangas, A., Celi, D., et al. (2023). The effect of craniofacial manual lymphatic drainage after moderate traumatic brain injury. Healthcare.
Godette, K., Mondry, T., & Johnstone, P. (2006). Can manual treatment of lymphedema promote metastasis? Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology.
Hettrick, H., & Aviles, F. (2022). All edema is lymphedema: Progressing lymphedema and wound Management to an integrated model of care. Wound Management and Prevention.
Hodge L. (2012). Osteopathic lymphatic pump techniques to enhance immunity and treat pneumonia. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine.
Hodge, L., Bearden, M., Schander A., Huff J., et al. (2010). Abdominal lymphatic pump treatment mobilizes leukocytes from the gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue into lymph. Lymphatic Research and Biology.
Hodge, L., Bearden, M., Schander, A., Huff, J., et al. (2010). Lymphatic pump treatment mobilizes leukocytes from the gut associated lymphoid tissue into lymph. Lymphatic Research and Biology.
Hodge, L., & Downey, H. (2011). Lymphatic pump treatment enhances the lymphatic and immune systems. Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Hodge, L., King, H., Williams, A., Jr., Reder, S., et al. (2007). Abdominal lymphatic pump treatment increases leukocyte count and flux in thoracic duct lymph. Lymphatic Research and Biology.
Hokari, R., & Tomioka, A. (2021). The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflammation and Regeneration.
Huff, J., Schander, A., Downey, H., & Hodge, L. (2010). Lymphatic pump treatment augments lymphatic flux of lymphocytes in rats. Lymphatic Research and Biology.
Jessen, N., Munk, A., Lundgaard, I., & Nedergaard, M. (2015). The glymphatic system — A beginner’s guide. Neurochemical Research.
Jin, H., Yoon, J., Hong, S., Hwang, Y., et al. (2025). Increased CSF drainage by non-invasive manipulation of cervical lymphatics. Nature.
Knott, E., Tune J., Stoll S., & Downey H. (2005). Increased lymphatic flow in the thoracic duct during manipulative intervention. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.
Leduc, O., Crasset, V., Leleu, C., Baptiste, N., et al. (2011). Impact of manual lymphatic drainage on hemodynamic parameters in patients with heart failure and lower limb edema. Lymphology.
Liang, Q., Shi, Q., Wood, R., Xing, L., et al. (2015). Peri-articular lymphatics and “Bi” theory of Chinese medicine in the pathogenesis and treatment of arthritis. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine.
Liu, Z., Li, J., Bian, Y., Zhang, X., et al. (2023). Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces lymphedema by regulating macrophage polarization and enhancing microcirculation. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.
Marxen, T., Shauly, O., Goel, P., Tsan, T., et al. (2023). The utility of lymphatic massage in cosmetic procedures. Aesthetic Surgery Journal.
Molski, P., Kruczyński, J., Molski, A., & Molski, S. (2013). Manual lymphatic drainage improves the quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Medical Science.
Moore, J., Jr., & Bertram, C. (2018). Lymphatic system flows. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics.
Peng, L., Dong, Y., Fan, H., Cao, M., et al. (2020). Traditional Chinese medicine regulating lymphangiogenesis: A literature review. Frontiers in Pharmacology.
Prajapti, P., Shah, P., King, H., Williams, A., Jr., et al. (2010). Lymphatic pump treatment increases thoracic duct lymph flow in conscious dogs with edema due to constriction of the inferior vena cava. Lymphatic Research and Biology.
Schander, A., Castillo, R., Paredes, D. & Hodge, L. (2020). Effect of abdominal lymphatic pump treatment on disease activity in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine.
Shim, J. Yeun, Y., Kim, H., & Kim, S. (2017). Effects of manual lymph drainage for abdomen on the brain activity of subjects with psychological stress. J-Stage.
Stump, B., Cui, Y., Kidambi, P., Lamattina, A., et al. (2017). Lymphatic changes in respiratory diseases: More than just remodeling of the lung? American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology.
Tan, I., Maus, E., Rasmussen, J., Marshall, M., et al. (2011). Assessment of lymphatic contractile function after manual lymphatic drainage using near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Pei, Y., Ma, H., et al. (2023). The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain: A novel target for ischemic stroke? Neural Regeneration Research.
Williams, A. (2010). Manual lymphatic drainage: Exploring the history and evidence base. British Journal of Community Nursing.
Yeo, K., Lim, H., Thiam, C., Azhar, S., et al. (2020). Efficient aortic lymphatic drainage is necessary for atherosclerosis regression induced by ezetimibe. Science Advances.